Rooney scored 53 goals in 119 appearances, making him his country's all-time record goalscorer.
In a statement the Everton striker explained his decision to quit playing for the Three Lions.
He explained: "It was great that Gareth Southgate called me this week to tell me he wanted me back in the England squad for the upcoming matches. I really appreciated that.
"However, having already thought long and hard, I told Gareth that I had now decided to retire for good from international football.
"It is a really tough decision and one I have discussed with my family, my manager at Everton and those closest to me.
"Playing for England has always been special to me. Every time I was selected as a player or captain was a real privilege and I thank everyone who helped me.
"But I believe now is the time to bow out."
And Rooney wants to fully focus on his Everton career after leaving Manchester United this summer.
He added: "Leaving Manchester United was a tough call but I know I made the right decision in coming home to Everton. Now I want to focus all my energies on helping them be successful.
"I will always remain a passionate England fan.
"One of my very few regrets is not to have been part of a successful England tournament side.
"Hopefully the exciting players Gareth is bringing through can take that ambition further and I hope everyone will get behind the team.
"One day the dream will come true and I look forward to being there as a fan - or in any capacity."
Rooney has never been able to replicate his form on the international stage as England have toiled.
The striker became the youngest player to play for England in February 2003 at 17 years and 111 days in a friendly defeat against Australia.
But after a long career on the international stage the 31-year-old has decided to let other players step up for Gareth Southgate as he prepares for the World Cup in Russia next summer.
Rooney has hit the ground running at new club Everton scoring in his first two games of the Premier League season.
