Kylian Mbappe is officially the most over-priced player in Europe… but Liverpool bagged the best bargain of the whole summer window in Mohamed Salah
BONKERS would be the best way to describe this summer's transfer window.
In between Neymar's money-spinning, record-shattering £198million move and the Kylian Mbappe saga, a host of clubs broke their own records to bring in fresh blood.
Paris Saint-Germain landed their man from Barcelona - and nearly landed themselves in hot water regarding Financial Fair Play regulations.
Meanwhile, Mbappe got his wish and left Monaco, also joining PSG, coming on board on loan for a year before making the move permanent next summer.
But did the big-spending clubs of the summer, including Liverpool, Manchester United, Barcelona, Chelsea and Manchester City get good value for their money?
Thanks to research from the CIES Football Observatory, we take a look at the biggest gaps between fees paid and estimated values from the summer window.
Check out the top 20 misjudgements - good and bad - below...
For starters, it's clear to see PSG paid hugely over the odds to bring in Mbappe... £83m to be exact.
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The Ligue 1 giants are set to splash £168m to bring in the French wonderkid, but based on things such as age, contract length and experience, he is valued at just £85m.
That means PSG paid nearly TWICE as much as they needed to.
Meanwhile, Barcelona repaid the favour, splashing their Neymar money on Borussia Dormund's Ousmane Dembele.
The La Liga club spent £47m MORE than the the French winger is worth, splashing £135m for the £88m-rated star.
Man City's move for full-backs Benjamin Mendy and Kyle Walker also come in as overspending, at £26m and £13m respectively.
Elsewhere, Jordan Pickford's £30m move to Everton looks all the more overpriced when you consider his valuation comes in at a mere £24m... the fourth biggest overpay of the summer.
Fellow Premier League movers Gylfi Sigurdsson (£23m), Mamadou Sakho (£20m) and Nemanja Matic (£18m) all come in as major over-investments.
However, there is some sensational news for Prem duo Liverpool and Chelsea.
Just THREE of the top 20 biggest gaps in payment come in as under-investments - with each club bagging one sensational bargain.
Liverpool's star man Mohamed Salah has already hit the ground running at Anfield and is valued at £65m.
However, according to the CIES Football Observatory, the Reds paid Roma £18m LESS than his true worth.
Chelsea snared Antonio Rudiger - another Roma departee - for £14m under his real value.
Meanwhile, Man City made a massive loss on Nolito, as they sold the Spaniard to Sevilla for £16m below his actual value.
Interestingly, despite costing an outrageous £198m, Neymar's transfer doesn't make the top 20, suggesting PSG nailed the Brazil star's true value...